![]() hexandrum is found in Tibet, Afghanistan, Himalayan areas of Pakistan and India, Bhutan, and China. The common name refers to the May blooming of its apple blossom–like flower.( Podophyllum peltatum 2021) The rhizomes and roots are the main source of podophyllum resin, which contains podophyllotoxin, the active principle. Mayapple is unique in that it bears only 2 leaves and 1 flower, which grows in the axil of the leaves. Flowers are usually white, but some populations display pinkish, rosy, or purplish flowers. The ripe fruit, which is yellow (sometimes tinged with pink, rose, or purple) with a lemon-like flavor, is collected in August or September and is the only edible part of the plant all other parts are considered poisonous. Leaves are green, simple, palmate, and glabrous. The plant grows to 0.3 to 0.9 m in height. ![]() peltatum, an herbaceous perennial with distribution in the United States and Canada, grows in mixed deciduous forest environments, shaded fields, shaded moist road banks, and shaded riverbanks. Related/similar drugs salicylic acid topical, silver nitrate topical, Compound W, Wart Remover, cantharidin topical, Duofilm Botany Muscle paralysis with respiratory failure, renal failure, hallucinations, and seizures have also been reported. Clinical signs appear within 12 hours and include altered mental state, tachypnea, peripheral neuropathy, nausea, hypotension, vomiting, and fever. Toxicologyįatalities have occurred following the ingestion or topical application of podophyllum. Application to the inside of the mouth may cause transient burning, unpleasant taste, and pain. Topical application may cause skin irritation and chemical burns. InteractionsĬhronic use of mayapple as a cathartic has been associated with hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis. Excretion into breast milk and effects on breastfeeding infants are unknown use during breastfeeding should be avoided. Birth defects, fetal death, and stillbirth have been associated with the use of podophyllum during pregnancy. Use of podophyllum in pregnancy is contraindicated. Topical preparations of podophyllum require professional application and must be rinsed off after 1 to 4 hours. hexandrum products for oral use have been withdrawn from the market for various safety reasons. Toxicity precludes home use of podophyllum, a resin derived from P. Use as a cathartic or purgative is considered unsafe. However, clinical data are lacking and toxicity of components limits use. Podophyllum has been used topically to treat genital warts and hairy leukoplakia. hexandrum), Mandrake, Mayapple, Racoonberry, Vegetable mercury, Wild or American mandrake hexandrum), Hog apple, Indian podophyllum (P. peltatum), Ba jiao lian, Devil's apple, Duck's foot, Gwai kou, Himalayan mayapple (P. Scientific Name(s): Podophyllum hexandrum Royle., Podophyllum peltatum L.Ĭommon Name(s): American podophyllum (P.
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